Análisis del procesamiento de las expresiones faciales emocionales a través de la  película La pasión de Juana de Arco (1928): un estudio de caso en neurociencias

José Eduardo López-Villa

doi:10.11565/arsmed.v51i1.2167

Autores/as

José Eduardo López-Villa Servicio de Psiquiatría. Instituto Veracruzano de Salud Mental Dr. Rafael Velasco Fernández. Xalapa-Enríquez. México. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0566-0422

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11565/arsmed.v51i1.2167

Palabras clave:

cine, cara, depresión, emoción expresada, esquizofrenia, procesamiento de emociones faciales

Resumen

El rostro es un vehículo de la emoción por medio de las expresiones faciales, elementos de gran relevancia en las interacciones humanas. Dichas expresiones parecen tener una función social al aportar información para las inferencias que hacemos sobre el estado interno de los demás; a su vez, pueden generar empatía en el observador. Su interpretación ocurre rápidamente en varias áreas cerebrales, como el área facial fusiforme, el giro temporal medio y la amígdala, a la vez que está influenciada por el contexto. Tanto la percepción como la interpretación pueden verse alterados en algunos trastornos psiquiátricos y lesiones cerebrales. Considerando el aprovechamiento que el cine hace del rostro —e incluso la manipulación del contexto a través del montaje—, algunos filmes suponen potenciales herramientas para la evaluación y la intervención de estos déficits, lo que llama a su exploración dentro de contextos de investigación. Un ejemplo único de estudio es la obra La pasión de Juana de Arco (1928), que narra el juicio de condena y ejecución de Juana de Arco. Su director, el danés Carl Theodor Dreyer, enfatizó la importancia del rostro como un vehículo de la emoción humana, particularmente a través del uso de herramientas técnicas, como el primer plano que domina el filme y con el que se acentúan y distorsionan los rasgos faciales de los intérpretes. Así, se consolida el fuerte impacto emocional de la película, amplificado por el opresivo entorno generado gracias a técnicas expresionistas, como los movimientos de cámara o la puesta en escena.

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