Parto natural ¿Qué nos dice la evidencia?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11565/arsmed.v42i1.532Palabras clave:
Parto Natural, evidencia cientÃfica, riesgo perinatal, riesgo materno, medicalización del parto, plan de partoResumen
Introducción: Es deseable que el proceso del parto concluya con una madre y un recién nacido sano, y sea un momento especial e íntimo. El Parto Natural, ha sido propuesto como una opción para mejorar la satisfacción de las mujeres con el proceso del parto. Sin embargo, no existen definiciones serias respecto a qué es el Parto Natural, introduciendo dificultades en la atención de mujeres que solicitan un Parto Natural.
Métodos: El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la mejor evidencia disponible para entender cómo debe definirse un Parto Natural y analizar si se asocia a riesgos mayores que los de la atención médica habitual del parto.
Resultados: Hemos comprobado que no existen definiciones científicas consensuadas para precisar qué es el Parto Natural, dejando espacio para discusión sobre su verdadero significado. No existen estudios de diseño aleatorizado y controlado que comparen el resultado materno/perinatal del parto natural comparado con la atención habitual del parto. Las intervenciones médicas, usadas en la atención médica del parto, y que podrían ser evitadas en el Parto Natural, producen algunos cambios favorables y otros deletéreos respecto de la salud materna y perinatal.
Conclusiones: La decisión de optar por el Parto Natural debe ser discutida con las mujeres que lo solicitan, precisando con ella y su pareja cuál es su concepto de parto natural o qué es lo que desean incluir o evitar, los riesgos y beneficios asociados a cada una de las intervenciones deben ser expuestos por el equipo médico, para adoptar un plan de manejo individualizado.
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